'Ezi, in composition, denotes, 1. Upon; as, iñißaíva, I go upon, I mount. 2. Over; as, iñigxonśw, I oversee. iygaw, I inscribe. KATA, ALONG, AGAINST, ACCORDING TO, DOWN. 1. With the genitive, dative, and accusative. Kara properly signifies, the line of direction along which a thing tends, or is situated; this is its primary signification; as, 1. Against, or in opposition to; as that which comes in our way comes generally against us; as, κατὰ σκοποῦ τοξεύειν, to shoot against (or at) a mark. Acts iv. 26. κατὰ τοῦ Κυρίου, καὶ κατὰ τοῦ Χριστοῦ αὐτοῦ, against the Lord, and against his Christ. 2. Down; that being the direction to which things tend when left to themselves; as, Mat. vii. 32. ώρμησε κατὰ τοῦ κρημνοῦ εἰς τὴν θάλασσαν, rushed down the precipice into the sea. 3. With the dative only. Among; as it were along the line of; as, δαπόμεθα κατὰ σφίσι, we will divide it along the line of (i. e. among) them. xzтα ovDeołoιv éégyvv, she confined them along the line of (i. e. among) the sties. 4. With the accusative only. Most commonly, according to; that is, along the same direction with; thus, META, WITH, AMONG, AFTER. The original meaning of era appears to have been, a conductor or indicator of the way. With the genitive, it implies a conductor whom we accompany hence it is usually rendered with. With the dative, it implies a plurality of conductors, between or in the midst of whom we are moving or acting: hence it commonly signifies, between or among. And with the accusative, it implies a conductor whom we follow: hence it is usually rendered after. From these, the various meanings may easily be traced. 1. With the genitive. With ;* in all the different modes in which one thing can be joined with or accompany another; whether by existence in the same place, co-operation in the same design, adherence to the same side or party, and even meeting for purposes of hostility; as, Mat. ii. 11. εὗρον τὸ παιδίον μετὰ τῆς μητρὸς αὐτοῦ, they found the young child will his mother. Luke xxiv. 5. μтà tãν vengãy, in the same place with (or among) the dead. Mat. ii. 3. ἐταράχθη, καὶ πᾶσα Ιεροσόλυμα μετ ̓ αὐτοῦ, he was troubled, and all Je rusalem with him. Acts xiv. 27. oinoev ó Oeòs μer' avτãy, God wrought with them, (as his instruments.) Mat. xii. 30. où ÿÿ μer' Éμov, xar' suoi ori, he that is not (on the same side) with me, is against me. Rev. xvii. 14. μstà тov dgvíov moλeμýoovo, they shall fight with the Lamb. Luke x. 37. ¿oínσas To Reos μET' avrov, he that showed mercy on him, i. e. with him as the object of it. as, 2. With the dative. Between, when two objects only are spoken of; and among, when three or more; μετὰ χερσὶν ἔχων, μετὰ πρωτοῖσι πονεῖτο, having between his hands. 3. With the accusative. After; chiefly referring to time; as, Mat. xxiv. 29. μετὰ τὴν θλίψιν τῶν ἡμερῶν ἐκείνων ὁ ἥλιος σκοτισθήσεται, after the tribulation of those days, the sun shall be darkened. Sometimes, but rarely, μr is used with the accusative, though signifying between or among; as, βίβλον μετὰ χεῖρας εἰληφὼς, In Composition, μera signifies, 1. Change; as, μεταβαίνω, μεταμέλομαι, having taken the book between his hands. I change my place. I change my mind, I repent. I change the object of my concern, I repent. The difference between urà, signifying with, and ùv, seems originally to have been, that was applied to objects concurring and uniting to effect one action or event; rà, to objects simply accompanying one another, though not so concurring. But this distinction was soon lost sight of, 2. Communion with; as, perxw, I have with others, I partake. HAPA, AT, BESIDE, or NEAR. The original meaning of age, is beside; and as the situation of one thing beside another, may be taken in different points of view, aga comes to have different significations. 1. With the genitive. From at, or from beside, and very often simply from ;* as, Pal. cxxi. 2. ἡ βοήθειά μου παρὰ Κυρίου, my help is (from the presence of, or) from Luke ii. 1. Mat. ii. 4. the Lord. Ende dóɣμa Taça Kairagos, a decree proceeded (from at, or) from Cæsar. Close beside, i. e. at, or with; as, Mat. vi. 1. Mat. xxi. 25. Pal. cxxx. 7. he inquired from them. 2. With the dative. μισθὸν οὐκ ἔχετε παρὰ τῷ πατρὶ, each one beside the other.) ye have not a reward (laid up) beside, they reasoned among themselves, (i. e. (beside or) with the Lord is mercy. 3. With the accusative. Beride; in its most extensive sense, in any mode wherein one thing may be said to be beside another. 1. Placed beside, for the sake of comparison or contrast; as, Psal. slv. 2. ὡραῖος κάλλει παρὰ τοὺς υἱοὺς τῶν ἀνθρώπων, Heb. i. 7. thou hast lowered him for a thou art fair when set beside or compared with the sons of men ; i. e. fairer than the sons of men. ηλάττωσας αὐτὸν βραχύ τι παρ' ἀγγέλους, little, (so as to seem low,) when set beside or compared with the angels; i. e. hast lowered him beneath the angels. 2. Viewed beside, as a reason or cause; as, 1 Cor. xii. 15. οὐ παρὰ τοῦτο οὐκ ἔστιν ἐκ τοῦ σώματος, it is not on this account, (for this reason,) not of the body. 3. Beside; in consequence of deficiency; in the next place to, but not precisely i the same rank with another; as, 4. Beside; in consequence of going over, or beyond; a passing to the farther side; they fled to the farther side of (i. e. over) the river. • The genitive in Greek has frequently the force of tendency from. Tegl, before all the three cases which it governs, has the same meaning and force; it is used with any of the three indiscriminately. It denotes, 4. Over; denoting superiority; what goes round another, must, of course, be greater; as, 1 Cor. vii. 37. ἐξουσίαν ἔχει περὶ τοῦ ἰδίου θελήματος, has power over his own will. 5. With the plural of the article, gl, like dμÇi, means friends or disciples, &c.; as οἱ περὶ ̓Ιωάννην, John and his disciples, (literally, those about him,) and sometimes John himself. John xi. 19. #gos Tas Tegi Máglav xai Magías, not, to those about Martha and Mary, but, to Martha and Mary.* 2. Relative greatness, or pre-eminence in any quality, good or bad; as, * This idiom is used in speaking of persons of some note, or distinction; who, it is to be supposed, ПРо', BEFORE, TO, TOWARDS. The primary meaning of gos, appears to have been termination, or terminating in; and, from the different aspects which this idea may assume, according to the connection in which it stands, gos came to have several different significations; all of them, however, related to the original sense. Προς signifies, 1. With the genitive, dative, or accusative, indiscriminately; 1. Before, at, in presence of; as the object of reference, close connection, or intended action; that is, terminating in, as the object immediately in view; as, πgos Oεoй izeteúw, as in the presence of (or before) God, I beseech; my supplications referring to God to give force to them. ai Teos Tй Báσel yorial, the angles at, or immediately connected with, or terminating in, the base. John xviii. 16. ó de Пéтgos eioτýna πgo's τy Júga, Peter stood before the door; his present action being connected with it, or terminating there; that is, having a view to enter. John i. 1. ó nóyos y Teos Tov so, the Word was with (immediately united, or connected, with) God. Mat. xxvi. 18. CÓS DE TOIй TÒ Tάoxa, I will keep the passover at thy house; that is, at the place peculiarly connected with, exclusively appropriated to, thee. Luke ix. 41. EWS TÓTE COQμaι πgos iμäs; how long shall I be with you? (connected with you, as the immediate and terminating object of my ministrations.) 2. Tendency towards a particular point of termination proposed to be reached; hence it may be rendered, conducive to, or in reference to, or simply towards; as, Acts xxvii. 34. τοῦτο γὰρ πρὸς τῆς ὑμετέρας σωτηρίας ὑπάρχει, for this is tending to (or conducive to) your health. Mat. xxvii. 4. TROS TW ODETERŴ ȧyal, tending (or conducive) to their good. πIOV AgÒS TÁVτas, gentle towards all. πρὸς ἑσπέραν, drawing towards evening. 3. Against; the object, or place, where a hostile action terminates; as, πρὸς ἀνδρὸς ἐχθροῦ ἐπιφέρων τὸν ψῆφον, Acts ix. 5. πρὸς κέντρα λακτίζειν, giving his vote against an enemy. dashed the ships against the rocks. to kick against the pricks. νῆας πρὸς σπιλάδεσσιν ἔαξαν, 2. With the dative only. In addition to; boundary or terminating point to which the succeeding object is attached; as, πρὸς τοῖς εἰρημένοις, in addition to the things that have been said. 3. With the accusative only. 1. To; the point to which the action is directed; as, John xiv. 28. πορεύομαι πρὸς τὸν πατέρα, I go to the Father. |