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culation through all the provinces of this vaft empire, fhall produce a pure and fruitful ftream of real wealth, which, I truft, will one day be realifed; then, perhaps, I fhall deferve a statue; but fuch an honour is not due to me for having, by the transferral of public offices to Buda, afforded to the inhabitants of that city the means of felling their wines at a higher price, and of raising the rents of their houses"

The emperor has forbidden the chanting of hymns in private houfes, as introductory to innova tions in religion, and a check to industry.

Rome, Aug. 5. On Wednesday, about four in the afternoon, as cardinal Turlone, high inquifitor of the holy office, was coming from the Vatican, he was fet upon by an incenfed multitude, who forced his eminence out of the carriage, and after cutting off his nofe and ears, and mangling him in a most shockiag manner, dragged the butchered carcafe to Monte Tiburno, where they hung it on a gibbet 50 feet high, which they erected for that purpose. The reafons affigned for this popular execution are various; but that, which feems to have wrought most powerfully on the minds of the populace, was the cruelty of his difpofition; for when by the rigour with which he had exercifed the office of inquifitor, he had filled the gaols throughout the pope's dominions with industrious artificers and others, on flight pretences, and a motion was made in the Vatican for an act of grace, instead of giving that motion his fuffrage, he fent an exprefs order to the feveral gaolers to keep their prifoners double-ironed, left an efcape fhould be attempted.

25. The archduke and duchess of

Auftria, with their fuite, arrived in town from Bath. On the road, as they came through the Devizes, they met with a fingular occurrence, which afforded them fome entertainment. A cuftom has prevailed in that place, of which the following story is the foundation: A poor weaver paffing through the place, without money and friends, being overtaken by hunger, and in the utmost neceffity, applied for charity to a baker, who kindly gave him a penny loaf. The weaver made his way to Coventry, where, after many years induftry, he amaffed a fortune, and by his will, in remembrance of the feasonable charity of the Devizes, he bequeathed a fum in truft, for the purpose of diftributing, on the anniverfary day when he was fo relieved, a halfpenny loaf to every perfon in the town, gentle and fimple, and to every traveller that fhould pafs through the town on that day a penny loaf. The will is faithfully adminiftered; and the duke of Auftria and his fuite paffing through the town on the day of the Coventry loaf, a loaf was prefented to each of them, of which the duke and duchefs were most cheerfully pleafed to accept; and the custom ftruck the archduke fo forcibly, that he inftantly minuted it down as a curious anecdote.

29. Thomas Sainsbury, efq. alderman of Billingfgate Ward, was elected lord mayor of London for the year enfuing.

Dublin, Sept. 25. At the affizes at Billingfloe, on the 6th inftant, John Foy was arraigned upon an indictment for procuring and exciting Andrew Craig and others, to murder Mr. M'Donald. (See p. 9, 25.) The prifoner pleaded an autrefois acquit; and, on the 9th, the counfel on both fides joined iffue on that

plea,

plea, fir Samuel Bradftreet and Baron Metge being the judges. The indictment being read, the prifoner's counsel delivered his plea into court, which ftated that the prifoner, was, at the last affizes at Caftlebar indicted for being prefent, aiding, and affisting, at the murder, and that he was acquitted upon that indictment; and it averred, that the offence of which he was indicted, and the offence of which he was formerly acquitted, were the fame. The counfel for the crown maintained the contrary. The former indictment was for being prefent as a principal; this was for procuring Scots Andrew, and others, to commit the murder; that, the offences being different, the plea was no bar. The counfel for the prifoner infifted that an acquital as a principal was a bar to an indictment for any offence, relative thereto, committed before the fact. And of this opinion were the judges, who directed the jury to find for the prifoner, which they accordingly did; but admitted the counfel for the crown might bring a writ of error if they thought fit,

OCTOBER.

"

9. By the gale on the th, a Danish fhip was wrecked near Shoreham, which being difcovered, fix men in a boat put off to the affiftance of the crew. These were no fooner taken on board, than all went to the bottom together. Two of them rofe again, and reached the fhore. A mong thofe who perifhed was Mr. Afhman, fhip-builder, who left feven children and a widow pregnant with the eighth. Mr. O'Brian, and fome other gentlemen from Brigh ton, being at Shoreham, fpectators of this melancholy catastrophe, on their return fet a fubfcription on

foot in the rooms, and in a few minutes near 200 guineas were collected. His royal highnefs the prince of Wales fet the example. A play was afterwards acted for the widows of the four Shoreham men, who left large families, in which three private gentleman performed three different characters. The right hon. Mr. Hamilton wrote the prologue and acted in the play..

Paris, O. 3. They write from Befiers, that fome workmen employed in digging a well at Antignac, a village three miles from thence, got to the depth of about fix toifes the third of last month, when, obferving water to rife, they redoubled their activity, and were prefently aftonished by a most vio lent fubterraneous explofion. Having recovered from their furprize, they again approached the pit, at the bottom of which they perceived one of their comrades, to whom they called, but received no anfwer, One of his brothers being apprehenfive for his fafety, defcended in a bucket, in order to yield him affiftance; but this, man fhewed no figns of life after he had reached the bottom. He was followed by a third, who experienced the fame fate. A fourth had the courage to defcend, his companions taking the precaution of fastening a rope to him; and following him with the eye, as he was gently lowered, they foon perceived his head to droop, and his whole frame to be violently agitated. Being immediately drawn up, he continued without motion for two hours,-Recourfe was now had to experiments which ought to have been first adopted. They let down a cock in a bucket, and on being drawn up it was found on the point of expiring, with its feathers burnt. The fame was done with a cat, which was almoft dead

'when drawn up. By means of hooks and other implements the three perfons were railed out of the pit, being quite lifelefs, and all their fkin appearing to be calcined. The letters farther fay, that the fubterraneous noife ftill continues, and that chemists are endeavouring to difcover the caufe of the explofion, and of the vaporous gas, which has proved fo fatal in its effects. It is added, that vitrified matter has been taken from the pit, which, it is fuppofed, muft have been in a state of fufion.

11. The rev. Henry Stow, of Ipfwich, has established a school for ten poor boys of the age of feven years, who are to be clothed, taught to read, and learnt to fpin, for the term of three years, during which time they are to attend their mafter to church every Sunday morning and afternoon. Their earnings, over and above finding them in cloaths, as an encouragement to industry, are to be given to them at the expiration of the above period, when they are to give place to another fucceffion of boys of the fame age.

18. We record the following act with great pleafure, in an age when general diffipation feems to have exhaufted the means of generòfity. The late duke of Norfolk had in his fervice a perfon of the name of Ts, who had attended him when only a private gentleman, and continued with him till his deceafe. When the will of the noble duke was opened, there appeared a bequest to his domestic of 100l. and zol. per annum, for his life. He was fhedding a tear to the memory of his mafter and benefactor, when he was alarmed by an affertion of the prefent duke, that there was certainly a mistake in the will; he trembled for his future fubfiftence;

but was relieved by the noble duke's declaring, that his father mu have meant 201. legacy for mourning, and tool. a year. The error in the will has been thus humanely rectified, and apartments in Arundel-houfe have been added, where his continued attachment and fervice are re varded by comfort in the evening of his days.

19. On the 18th of Sept. the lady Catherine Boccabadati, wife of the marquis fenator Albergati Capacelli, aged 38 years, ended her life at Bologna in the most tra gical manner. Having had a dif pute at dinner, about an object of fmall importance, which the defended with fome heat, and being contradicted by her hufhand, the left the room, taking with her a child of eight years old, with whom he went up ftairs, and after.tenderly embracing the child, the took out of a cafe a Venetian dagger, which the inftantly ran into her body. The child immediately crying out, alarmed the family, and the marquis running up flairs, the enraged lady with redoubled fury, on feeing him, plunged the dagger through her heart; by which tgcond thruft fhe inftantly fell dead

at his feet.

26. On Saturday the man who had undertaken, for the fum of 201. to bring to the ground the weather cock upon the fpire of the old Ab bey Church of St. Alban's, fucceeded in his hazardous attempt: he defcended about four in the afternoon. This adventurer is a young man, by trade a basket-maker; and he made his fcafold from the ground to the top of the fpire entirely with ozier twigs, forming a ferpentine paffage, with a kind of landing-place, every fix or eight fteps. The novelty and ingenuity of the contrivance and dexterity of

the

the author, afforded fuch general fatisfaction, that a very liberal fubfcription has been made for his be nefit.

and Mr. Scott, the commodore's counfel, riting to anfwer, was told it was quite unneceffary, as nothing had been faid which could induce their lordships to alter their opinion, that the judgment obtained by capt. Sutton in the court of exchequer fhould be reverfed.-The cafe was fimply this ;-capt. Sutton obtained a verdict for 5000l. against commodore Johnstone. A new tri

Berlin, Od. 17. Amongst the many changes made by our new king, one is in favour of the German language, which he has ordered to be ufed in all public bufinefs, instead of the French as heretofore; his majesty having declared to his miwifters in council, "We are Geral was granted by the court of exmans, and so we will remain." This language is, therefore, now fpoken at court, and all the king's letters are transcribed in it. All foreigners employed in the king's fervice are to retire on a penfion, and to be replaced by natives, subjects of the king,"

NOVEMBER.

1. At the council held at the queen's palace yesterday fe'ennight, a committee from the royal College of Phyficians of London, confiliing of the prefident, the two cenfors, and three of the fellows of the London college, Warwick-lane, were admitted, for the purpofe of laying 'before his majefty in council a new revifed and corrected edition of their Pharmacopoeia, or Difpenfary, for the use of the apothecaries and others practising the fcience of phy'fic in Great Britain, which being received, they were favoured with the king's mandate, directing it for general ufe. I he last edition of the College Difpenfary was in the year 1746, in the 19th year of George 11.

4.. Came, on before lord Mansfield and lord Loughborough, at Serjeant's-Inn, the fecond argument in error brought by commodore Johnstone againft capt. Sutton, when Mr. Erskine was heard at full length for the defendant;

chequer: a fecond trial had-a (ccond verdict for 600cl.-A motion was then made, grounded on feveral points of law, to arrelt judgment. The court confirmed the verdict. The commodore brings a writ of error on the fame points his motion in arreft of judgment was founded on. This writ of error, by act of parliament, is in the judgment of the lord chancellor; but his lordfhip referred the judgment to the two chief justices, who have reverfed the judgment of the court of exchequer.

9. This day the lord mayor, accompanied by the aldermen and fheriffs in their carriages, and preceded by the city marhals, went to Westminster Hall; when his Lordfhip was fworn into his office at the bar of the exchequer court, and recorded warrants of attorney in the different courts for the due execution of his office.

In confequence of the request of the lord chamberlain, on the death of the princefs Amelia, the lord mayor went up to the exchequer chamber to be fworn, with little more ceremony than that of a private gentleman.

10. About two in the afternoon, the countefs of Strathmore was taken from the house of Mr. Forster in Oxford-ftreet, under pretence of a warrant to take her before lord Mansfield. She was forcibly thrust

into her own carriage, her coachman taken from the box, and a ftranger put in his place, who drove off at a furious rate, and did not ftop till he arrived at Barnet, where the carriage was met by a company of armed men, to the number of ight in paffing through one of the turnpikes, the lady was feen to truggle much, apparently gagged, and in great diftrefs.-Application was immediately made to the court of King's Bench for an habeas corpus, to effect a refcue. (See Vol. VI. page 13.)

11. Came on in the court of King's Bench a trial at bar, in the remarkable caufe between the natural daughter of the late Ch. Mellifh, efq. and his niece. The caufe had already been tried, (See Vol. VI. page 49.) when a verdict was obtained by the daughter, which was fet afide by a fubfequent one in the Common Pleas. The deceased made two wills, one in 1774, which gave place to one in 1780. There was also a codicil in 1781, and the contest was, to which of the wills it applied. The will in 1780 being establifhed by weight of evidences, the codicil of courfe must refer to that, and fo it was determined. Mr. Ertkine, in order that his client might have a new trial, moved that Richard Roe fhould come into court, which of courfe produced a nonfuit.

Salisbury, Nov. 13. The remains of a Roman villa, covering near an acre of ground, were on Monday laft discovered in Pitt mead, a bout two miles this fide of Warminster. They found fome very curious teffelated pavement, evidently the remains of baths, alfo pieces of urns, and domestic uten fils, made of beautiful clay. Pittmead is about two hundred yards distant from the turnpike road.

Verlucio, a principal Roman ftation, was in the neighbourhood.

15. Yesterday the recorder thewed caufe, in the court of King's Bench, against a rule obtained by Mr. Tomlins, for a mandamus to be directed to the lord mayor and aldermen of the city of London, to be admitted to the office of one of the auditors of the faid city, he having a majority upon the poll. Mr. Tomlins, jun. in fupport of the rule ftated, that the custom or ufage which had been declared to the livery in common hall by the recorder, previous to the election of auditors on Midfummer day laft, (that a liveryman, who had ferved the faid office two years fucceffively, was not eligible to be re-elected) was not an immemorial cuftom, but merely an ufage entitling the party elected to an exemption from ferv ing the office if he thought proper. Mr. Recorder afferted, that the diftinction was as new as abfurd, and that they ought to lay fome authority before the court in fup. port of it, which they neither had nor could do.

The affidavit in fupport of the rule which stated the whole of the proceedings of the common hall and court of aldermen, on Midfummer day laft, was then read, and Mr. Douglas on behalf of Mr. Tomlins, prayed, that the writ of mandamus might iffue; in oppolition thereto, an affidavit, made by the folicitor, was read, which frated that he had traced this cuftom for near three hundred years back by fearches in the corporation books, and that the invariable ufage in the election of auditors had been as before ftated by the recorder; that this ufage or custom was ftrongly fortified by an act of com mon council, in the reign of one of the Edwards; and that it must

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