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CONTENTS.
Section
DIVISION I.
THE INTELLECT OR UNDERSTANDING.
INTELLECTIVE OR INTELLECTUAL STATES OF, THE MIND.
PART I.
INTELLECTUAL STATES OF EXTERNAL ORIGIN.
CHAPTER I.
ORIGIN OF KNOWLEDGE IN GENERAL.
1. The mind susceptible of a threefold division
2. The Intellect susceptible of a subordinate division
3. Of the connexion of the mind with the material world
4. Our first knowledge in general of a material or external origin
5. Shown further from what we notice in children
6. Further proof of the beginnings of knowledge from external causes
7. The same subject further illustrated
8. Illustration from the case of James Mitchell
CHAPTER II.
SENSATION AND PERCEPTION.
9. Sensation a simple mental state originating in the senses
11. Sensations are not images or resemblances of objects.
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10. All sensation is properly and truly in the mind
12. The connexion between the mental and physical change not ca-
pable of explanation.
13. Of the meaning and nature of perception
14. Perception makes us acquainted with a material world
15. Of the primary and secondary qualities of matter
16. Of the secondary qualities of matter
CHAPTER III.
THE SENSES OF SMELL AND TASTE.
17. Nature and importance of the senses as a source of knowledge
18. Connexion of the brain with sensation and perception
19. Order in which the senses are to be considered
20. Of the sense and sensations of smell
21. Of perceptions of smell in distinction from sensations
22. Of the sense and the sensations of taste
CHAPTER IV.
THE SENSE OF HEARING.
23. Organ of the sense of hearing
24. Varieties of the sensation of sound
25. Manner in which we learn the place of sounds
CHAPTER V.
THE SENSE OF TOUCH.
26. Of the sense of touch in general and its sensations
27, Idea of externality suggested in connexion with the toush
28. Origin of the notion of extension, and of form or figare
29. On the sensations of heat and cold
30. Of the sensations of hardness and softness
31. Of certain indefinite feelings sometimes ascribed to the touch
32. Relation between the sensation and what is outwardly signified .
CHAPTER VI.
THE SENSE OF SIGHT.
33. Of the organ of sight, and the uses or benefits of that sense
34. Statement of the mode or process in visual perception
35. Of the original and acquired perceptions of sight
36. The idea of extension not originally from sight
37. Of the knowledge of the figure of bodies by the sight
38. Illustration of the subject from the blind
39. Measurements of magnitude by the eye
40. Of objects seen in a mist
41. Of the sun and moon when seen in the horizon
42. Of the estimation of distances by sight
43. Signs by means of which we estimate distance by sight
44. Estimation of distance when unaided by intermediate objects
45. Of objects seen on the ocean, &c.
CHAPTER VII.
HABITS OF SENSATION AND PERCEPTION.
46. General view of the law of habit and of its applications
47. The law of habit applicable to the mind as well as the body
48. Of habit in relation to the smell
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52. Other striking instances of habits of touch
53. Habits considered in relation to the sight
54. Sensations may possess a relative, as well as positive increase of
power
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55. Of habits as modified by particular callings and arts
56. The law of habit considered in reference to the perception of the
outlines and forms of objects
57. Notice of some facts which favour the above doctrine.
58. Additional illustrations of Mr. Stewart's doctrine
59. Meaning and characteristics of conceptions
60. Of conceptions of objects of sight.
61. Of the influence of habit on our conceptions
62. Influence of habit on conceptions of sight
63. Of the subserviency of our conceptions to description
64. Of conceptions attended with a momentary belief
65. Conceptions which are joined with perceptions
66. Conceptions as connected with fictitious representations
CHAPTER IX.
SIMPLICITY AND COMPLEXNESS OF MENTAL STATES.
67. Origin of the distinction of simple and complex
68. Nature and characteristics of simple mental states
69. Simple mental states not susceptible of definition
70. Simple mental states representative of a reality
71. Origin of complex notions, and their relation to simple
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72. Supposed complexness without the antecedence of simple feelings 87
73. The precise sense in which complexness is to be understood
74. Illustrations of analysis as applied to the mind
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CHAPTER X.
ABSTRACTION.
77. Abstraction implied in the analysis of complex ideas
78. Instances of particular abstract ideas
79. Mental process in separating and abstracting them
80. General abstract notions the same with genera and species
81. Process in classification, or the forming of genera and species
82. Early classifications sometimes incorrect
83. Illustrations of our earliest classifications
84. Of the nature of general abstract ideas
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85. The power of general abstraction in connexion with numbers, &c. 99
86. Of general abstract truths or principles
$3. Definition of dreams and the prevalence of them
94. Connexion of dreams with our waking thoughts.
95. Dreams are often caused by our sensations
96. Explanation of the incoherency of dreams. (1st cause)
97. Second cause of the incoherency of dreams.
98. Apparent reality of dreams. (1st cause)
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102. The soul has fountains of knowledge within
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103. Declaration of Locke, that the soul has knowledge in itself
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104. The beginning of knowledge is in the senses
105. There may also be internal accessions to knowledge
106. Instances of notions which have an internal origin
107. Other instances of ideas which have an internal origin
ORIGINAL SUGGESTION.
108. Import of suggestion, and its application in Reid and Stewart
109. Ideas of existence, mind, self-existence, and personal identity
110 Of the nature of inity, and the origin of that notion
111. Nature of succession, and origin of the idea of succession.
112. Origin of the notion of duration
113. Illustrations of the nature of duration
114. Of time and its measurements, and of eternity
115. The idea of space not of external origin
116. The idea of space has its origin in suggestion
117. Of the origin of the idea of power.
118. Occasions of the origin of the idea of power
119. Of the ideas of right and wrong
120. Origin of the ideas of moral merit and demerit
121. Of other elements of knowledge developed in suggestion
122. Suggestion a source of principles as well as of ideas
CONSCIOUSNESS.
123. Consciousness the 2d source of internal knowledge; its nature
124. Further remarks on the proper objects of consciousness
125. Consciousnes a ground or law of belief
126. Instances of knowledge developed in consciousness
RELATIVE SUGGESTION OR JUDGMENT.
127. Of the susceptibility of perceiving or feeling relations.
128. Occasions on which feelings of relation may arise
129. Of the use of correlative terms
130. Of relations of identity and diversity
131. (11.) Relations of degree, and names expressive of them
132. (111.) Of relations of proportion
133. (IV.) Of relations of place or position
134. (v.) Of relations of time
135. (vi.) Of ideas of possession
136. (VII.) Of relations of cause and effect
137. Of complex terms involving the relation of cause and effect
138. Connexion of relative suggestion with reasoning
ASSOCIATION. (1.) PRIMARY LAWS.
139. Reasons for considering this subject here
140. Meaning of association and illustrations
141. Of the general laws of association
142. Resemblance the first general law of association
143. Of resemblance in the effects produced
144. Contrast the second general or primary law
145. Contiguity the third general or primary law
146. Cause and effect the fourth primary law
Bection
ALSOCIATION. (II.) SECONDARY LAWS.
147. Secondary laws, and their connexion with the primary
148. Of the influence of lapse of time
149. Secondary law of repetition or habit
150. Of the secondary law of co-existent emotion
151. Original difference in the mental constitution
152. The foregoing as applicable to the sensibilities
MEMORY.
153. Remarks on the general nature of memory
154. Of memory as a ground or law of belief
155. Of differences in the strength of memory
156. Of circumstantial memory, or that species of memory which is
based on the relations of contiguity in time and place
157. Illustrations of specific or circumstantial memory
158. Of philosophic memory, or that species of memory which is based
on other relations than those of contiguity
159. Illustrations of philosophic memory
160. Of that species of memory called intentional recollection
161. Nature of intentional recollection.
162. Instance illustrative of the preceding statements
163. Marks of a good memory
164. Directions or rules for the improvement of the memory
165. Further directions for the improvement of the memory
166. Of observance of the truth in connexion with memory
CHAPTER VIII.
DURATION OF MEMORY.
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167. Restoration of thoughts and feelings supposed to be forgotten
168. Mental action quickened by influence on the physical system
169. Other instances of quickened mental action, and of a restoration
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of thoughts
170. Effect on the memory of a severe attack of fever.
171. Approval and illustrations of these views from Coleridge
172. Application of the principles of this chapter to education
173. Connexion of this doctrine with the final judgment and a future
life
174. Reasoning a source of ideas and knowledge
175. Definition of reasoning, and of propositions.
176. Process of the mind in all cases of reasoning
177. Illustration of the preceding statement
178. Grounds of the selection of propositions
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180 Further considerations on this subject.
179. Reasoning implies the existence of antecedent or assumed propo-
sitions
181. Of differences in the power of reasoning
182. Of habits of reasoning
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183 Of reasoning in connexion with language or expression
184 Illustration of the foregoing section