exterminating vengeance of the Papal religion. The kingdoms thus founded, have groaned under the same oppression to this day, and will continue to groan, until God, in his providence, shall raise up a deliverer, who shall give them the blessings of liberty, under the benign influence of the gospel of peace.

The revolution, which now rages in South America, gives to the christian world a flattering hope, that the day is not far distant, when she shall shake off the ignorance, superstition, and despotism under which she has so long groaned, and rise in the majesty of herself, to enjoy the blessings of civil and religious liberty.

The revolutions which now distract the 'kingdom of Spain, give the highest assurances, that the day of deliv erance for her American Colonies, is at hand; when Spanish America shall take her rank amongst the free, and enlight ened nations of the earth: when the wise, and virtuous institutions of North America, shall be transported, in their purity, into these benighted regions of the South, and one bond of civil, and religious union, embrace the whole family of man, throughout the vast regions of the New World.

CHAPTER II.

INTRODUCTION CONTINUED.

A CHRONOLOGICAL VIEW OF THE CAUSES WHICH LED TO THE DISCOVERY AND SETTLEMENT OF NORTH AMERICA.

BEFORE we enter upon a narrative of the rising colonies of North America, let us take a survey of the successive adventures, that led to the discovery of this extensive coast, and planted the first colonies in the New World. In the introduction to this work, it has been noticed, that Columbus discovered this New World in the regions of the west, in 1492.

This Chronological Table, will disclose the other adventures in their order.

John Cabot discovered North America,

In the following year he discovered Newfoundland,
Juan Leon, an adventurer from Porto Rico, discov-
ered Florida, gave it its name, and attempted a
settlement,

John Verezano, a Florentine, explored the coast
from the 30th to the 50th degree of north latitude,
under the patronage of Francis Ist, king of France,
to make discoveries,
The next adventurer was Stephen Gomez, a Spaniard,
who explored the coast from Florida, to Cape
Race, latitude 46d north, in search of a north-west
passage to India,
James Quartier, under the patronage of Francis Ist,
sailed from France, with a fleet, on a voyoge of for-
eign discovery, touched upon the Continent of N.
America, in latitude 48d 30m north, explored and
gave name to the Gulf of St. Lawrence, and left
the Continent in latitude 51, and returned to
France,

1496

1497

1513

1524

1525

1534

Quartier returned the next year to the Gulf of St. Lawrence and sailed up the river about 300 leagues, to the falls of Cataracqui; built a fort on the island of Orleans, where he wintered; and called the country New France. In the spring he returned, and carried home with him several natives, 1535-61 Ferdinand de Soto, who had served under Cortes in the conquest of Mexico, sailed from the Island of Cuba with a military force of 900 men, and landed in Florida, in quest of the wealth of another city of Mexico,

1539

1542

He traversed the interior, through the Chickasaw country, crossed the Missisippi, and proceeded up Red River, a very considerable distance, where he died, at the end of three years. His troops returned to the Missisippi, constructed such shipping as would convey them down the river, and thus returned to Cuba under Alverdo their leader, 1542 James Quartier made a third attempt to settle Canada, sailed up the St. Lawrence, and built a fort, which he called Charleburg near Port de St. Croix ; but soon abandoned it and returned to France, About this time, several French adventurers, visited the coast in quest of a passage to India, and returned to France. Commodore Ribault, was dispatched from France by the Admiral Coligni, with two ships, to plant a colony in North America. He touched at Port Royal, (South-Carolina,) landed his men, built a fort, and called it Charles, where he left a colony of twenty or thirty men, under Capt. Albert, and returned to France, Commodore Laudonnier was sent out from France, with three ships, to plant a colony at Florida, and in June he built a fort on the river May, (or St. Mary) where he planted a colony of one hundred men, and called it Carolina, in honor of Charles IX. 1566

1564

In August of this year, Ribault arrived with a colony of French Hugunots, to strenthen the colony at Port Royal; but they had mutinied, and butchered their Captain Albert, and were gone. This second colony consisted of many whole families, and a body of troops to protect them; they strengthened the colony of Laudonier, on the St. Mary. Ribault was their governor. In Septemher of the same year, Pedro Melanges, a Spaniard, with six ships, by order of Philip II. his master, pursued Ribault, and his little colony up the river, landed a strong force, of two hundred soldiers and twenty-six hundred planters, took his fort and colony, and put them all to the sword, or hung them upon the trees. When they departed, they left this inscription as a monument for the dead

"They were hung as Lutherans, not as Frenchmen." To revenge this act of savage barbarity, one Guerges, of Gascony in France, fitted out three ships, as a private adventure, and sailed for Florida, with one hundred and fifty soldiers and eighty seamen, where he found the Spaniards had erected two new forts, and had garrisoned all three, with from sixty to one hundred men each, and were strongly fortified. Guerges landed his forces, April 15; made known the object of his adventure, and sought their aid: this he readily obtained, for the crime was too black to be tolerated, even by the savages. Guerges attacked the two small forts in succession, carried them by storm and put the garrison to the sword. Struck with alarm, the governor marched out of the main fort with fifty men, to meet Guerges in the field; they were ambushed and destroyed, and the garrison fled to the woods; but the savages hunted them until they returned and surrendered at discretion; these were all put to the sword, or hung in gibbets; and Guerges erected this near their graves—

"They were hung as traitors, robbers, and murderers, not as Spaniards and mariners."

Thus justice overtook the offenders, and sealed their
doom; and Guerges returned safe into France,
in June,
The next adventurer that visited the coast, was Capt.
Frobisher, who sailed from England in quest of a
N. W. passage to India; but being obstructed by
the ice, he abandoned the enterprise, and return-
ed to England,

1568

1576

This year Sir Francis Drake doubled Cape Horn, and discovered New Albion, upon the western coast, north of California.

This year Sir Humphry Gilbert, in the service of

Queen Elizabeth; touched at Newfoundland,
lost one of his ships at Cape Sables, and was lost
himself in the other, on his passage home,
This year Adrian Gilbert and Sir Walter Raliegh,
under Patents from Queen Elizabefh, sent out two
ships for America, with one hundred and seven
passengers, and attempted a settlement near the
Roanoke, June,

They were kindly treated by Granganimo, the great
Sachem of this part of the country, but they did
not succeed in their settlement, and returned to
England with Sir Francis Drake, in June,

1579

1585

1586

This company called the country Virginia, in honour of Queen Elizabeth; which became general throughout the

coast.

The same year, Sir Walter Raleigh sent Sir Richard Grenville to America, with seven ships, who arrived at Wococon harbour, in June, and planted a colony of about one hundred people at Roanoke, under the direction of Captain Ralph Lane, Sir Richard explored the coast, up to the Chesapeake Bay, and then returned to England.

1586