The Works of Adam Smith: The nature and causes of the wealth of nationsT. Cadell, 1811 |
Други издания - Преглед на всички
Често срещани думи и фрази
adminiſtration affeffed againſt almoſt altogether ancient ancient Greece annual annuities arifing artificers becauſe befides BOOK Britain Britiſh cafes capital caufes church clafs clergy commodities confequence confiderable confift confumer confumption cultivation cuſtoms debt diminiſh duties eſtabliſhed Europe excife exerciſes expence faid fame manner fect fecurity feems feldom feven feveral fhillings fhould filver firft firſt fmall fociety foldiers fome fometimes foon fovereign ftate ftill fubfiftence fubject fuch fufficient fund fuperior fuppofed fupport fyftem greater greateſt himſelf houfes houſes impofed increaſe induſtry intereft itſelf joint ftock juftice labour land land-tax landlord leaſt lefs levied malt manufactures meaſure ment merchants moft moſt muft muſt neceffarily neceffary occafion particular payment perfon perhaps poffible pounds prefent produce profit proportion purchaſe purpoſe raiſed reafon refpect render rent ſeems ſtanding army ſtate ſtill ſtock themſelves theſe thofe thoſe tion trade univerfities uſeful whofe whole
Популярни откъси
Страница 42 - According to the system of natural liberty, the sovereign has only three duties to attend to; three duties of great importance, indeed, but plain and intelligible to common understandings: first, the duty of protecting the society from the violence and invasion of other independent societies...
Страница 256 - The tax which each individual is bound to pay, ought to be certain and not arbitrary. The time of payment, the manner of payment, the quantity to be paid, ought all to be clear and plain to the contributor, and to every other person.
Страница 21 - He seems not to have considered that, in the political body, the natural effort which every man is continually making to better his own condition is a principle of preservation capable of preventing and correcting, in many respects, the bad effects of a political economy, in some degree, both partial and oppressive.
Страница 257 - ... 4. Every tax ought to be so contrived as both to take out and to keep out of the pockets of the people as little as possible over and above what it brings into the public treasury of the state. A tax may either take out or keep out of the pockets of the people a great deal more than it brings into the public treasury, in the four following ways.
Страница 42 - Every man, as long as he does not violate the laws of justice, is left perfectly free to pursue his own interest his own way, and to bring both his industry and capital into competition with those of any other man or order of men.
Страница 378 - ... a person who, though no doubt highly blameable for violating the laws of his country, is frequently incapable of violating those of natural justice, and would have been, in every respect, an excellent citizen, had not the laws of his country made that a crime which nature never meant to be so.
Страница 257 - Every tax ought to be levied at the time, or in the manner, in which it is most likely to be convenient for the contributor to pay it.
Страница 360 - Every increase or diminution of capital, therefore, naturally tends to increase or diminish the real quantity of industry, the number of productive hands, and consequently the exchangeable value of the annual produce of the land and labour of the country, the real wealth and revenue of all its inhabitants.
Страница 256 - The expense of government to the individuals of a great nation is like the expense of management to the joint tenants of a great estate who are all obliged to contribute in proportion to their respective interests in the estate. In the observation or neglect of this maxim consists what is called the equality or inequality of taxation.